Towards an Ideal State: The People

Philosophical ideologies shape the political landscape where people organise themselves in societal structures. Those ideologies, once rooted in what was believed to be inherent, divinely-given rules of conduct that governed only basic behaviour, evolved into concrete laws regulating the smallest details in every realm of modern societies. The process of selecting behavioural rules can be...

Towards an Ideal State: The Philosophy

State theories are one of the cornerstones of philosophical approaches turning from an abstract theory into reality. Philosophy is no less than the theoretical foundation and the tool to analyse and interpret our world. As a result, it is the foundation for all the different ideologies shaping the awareness of every human being. Ideologies have...

Is Normative Change (Im)possible?

People only change when they see a benefit in the change. The benefits or advantages can, of course, vary. Someone who greatly values his health will adapt his unhealthy habits to increase his physical well-being. Others value material things and, hence, will adapt their behaviour to increase their financial gains. There always seems to be...

Human Nature and Development

With the proliferation of wealth and social globalisation through media, the concept of motivation has developed into a core feature of popular discourse. This certainly has led to the concept being very prominent in the context of individual people’s lives and their self-fulfillment. In essence, motivation formerly described a goal-driven attitude towards taking action. Today,...

Human Nature and Politics

Long before Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei claimed that the earth is indeed round, Persian scholars, such as Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi and Abu Rayhan Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Biruni, even went on to study the rotation of our round planet. However, it was the story of Galileo, who was persecuted and then executed, that became...

Explained: Turkish Elections 2023

In one week, Turkish citizens around the world will once again cast their votes in the presidential run-off round of the Turkish elections, after the first round did not conclusively bring a decision as to whom is going to rule the Central Asian nation over the next five years. In this article, the elections will...