Politics

The Free Trade Agreement: How It Functions and What It Does

A free trade agreement (hereinafter: FTA) is a treaty between two or more parties that reduces or removes barriers to commerce between them while leaving each party free to set its own trade policy towards everyone else. Several hundred such agreements are now in force, and the great majority of world commerce takes place between...

Iran Rejects Trump’s Strait of Hormuz Claims

The Strait of Hormuz has become the focal point of an escalating public confrontation between Washington and Tehran, after the President of the United States of America (hereinafter: USA) vowed to declare the strategic waterway North American territory and Iran responded with categorical rejections from its foreign ministry, military and judiciary. The conflict has intensified...

“Terror-Free” Türkiye Bill Passes with 467 Votes

The Turkish Grand National Assembly has passed the so-called “Terror-Free” Türkiye bill with 467 votes, a legislative package that the government and parliament leadership describe as a foundational step in resolving the decades-long conflict with the terrorist organisation Kurdistan Workers’ Party (hereinafter: PKK). Parliament Speaker Numan Kurtulmuş presented the vote as evidence of sweeping cross-party...

Mecca Defence Pact: Türkiye, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan

Saudi Arabia, Türkiye and Pakistan signed the Mecca defence pact on 7 August 2026, formalising a trilateral security arrangement that commits each state to treat an armed attack on any one of them as an attack on all three. The agreement, formally designated the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement, was concluded in the Saudi holy city...

The Fragile Human: Why It Is So Difficult To Maintain Stable Human Organisation.

Political scientists, historians and also laymen interested in these fields have been puzzled as to why so many great civilisations rose to glory but also vanished just as often. When we look at the past years of our own times, whenever this might have been, we found history to be quite linear, or, at least,...

EAEU Summit in Kyrgyzstan

Prime ministers of the Eurasian Economic Union (hereinafter: EAEU) member states convened at Lake Issyk-Kul in Kyrgyzstan for the EAEU summit in Kyrgyzstan, bringing together senior officials to review trade, investment and integration priorities. The session of the Eurasian Intergovernmental Council ran in a narrow format, meaning only heads of delegation and a restricted number...