The Munich Security Conference (hereinafter: MSC) 2026 brought together state leaders, defence ministers and security experts in Munich to discuss strategic challenges facing Europe and the broader international community. The 62nd edition emphasised evolving defence priorities, alliance cohesion and the need to adapt security strategies in response to economic, political and military pressures. (MSC official site)

Europe’s Defence Priorities

One of the central themes of the Munich Security Conference 2026 was Europe’s defence posture and its capacity to respond independently to emergent security threats. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen stressed the need for European strategic autonomy, arguing that defence, energy, economy and technology must be integrated into a coherent continental strategy. Von der Leyen stated that greater internal capabilities would strengthen collective deterrence while supporting transatlantic cooperation in parallel. (European Commission)

Leaders from several European states echoed this view. Germany’s Chancellor Friedrich Merz and other defence officials highlighted the need for increased defence investments and robust capability building. They framed enhanced defence readiness as essential in an era of heightened international competition and shifting alliance dynamics. Munich Security Conference Chairman Wolfgang Ischinger underlined that rhetoric must shift to action, urging concrete plans for stronger defence production and security cooperation. Ischinger emphasised that shared strategic aims require detailed implementation roadmaps beyond broad commitments, as Europe navigates uncertain global conditions.

Transatlantic Relations And Security Commitments

Discussions at the Munich Security Conference 2026 also included renewed engagement with the United States of America (hereinafter: USA). Their Foreign Minister delivered a keynote address that reaffirmed the USA’s interest in revitalising cooperation with European partners. Rubio emphasised shared historical roots and common strategic interests, while acknowledging the need for adaptation in the transatlantic relationship.

Despite this reaffirmation, European leaders debated the reliability of existing security arrangements, reflecting concerns over North American policy shifts in recent years. Some European officials argued for a stronger autonomous defence capacity, even as they valued cooperation with the USA. These exchanges underscored evolving expectations about burden-sharing and collective defence in the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (hereinafter: NATO) and beyond.

Ukrainian Interests

The Munich Security Conference continued to centre on the conflict in Ukraine and its implications for European security. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy called for a clear date for Ukraine’s accession to the European Union, stressing that a defined timeline is critical to counter efforts by external actors to block integration processes. Panels and discussions also addressed the need for sustained military support, including air defence and strike capabilities, as Ukraine marks the fourth year of conflict. European and transatlantic participants reaffirmed ongoing commitments to Ukraine’s defence and broader regional stability.

Alliance Cohesion And Divergent Perspectives

The Munich Security Conference saw divergence in strategic narratives. Some participants, including British and German military figures, emphasised the need for a robust collective defence stance in response to Russia’s actions and broader great-power competition. They advocated public support for defence investment and cohesion in deterrent strategy.

In parallel, discussions reflected different assessments of threats and priorities among alliance members. While all engaged parties acknowledged the importance of collective security, there were varied approaches to implementation and emphasis on strategic independence versus traditional alliance frameworks.

Security Challenges

In addition to conventional defence issues discussed at MSC 2026, participants highlighted non-military security challenges. Analysis presented at the conference underscored the rising prominence of cyber threats and disinformation as key risks affecting G7 nations and their partners, with cyber-attacks identified as a leading risk in recent assessments. These assessments informed broader MSC discussions on resilience and the need to integrate cyber strategy and information security into national and regional defence plans.

European Union Engagement

The European Union’s role in shaping security policy was also addressed during the Munich Security Conference. In associated briefings, European Commission representatives outlined ongoing efforts to enhance collective defence mechanisms, including investment frameworks and regulatory measures designed to support integrated security policy across member states. These efforts align with broader EU commitments to bolster defence industrial capacity and strategic resources in response to changing global dynamics.

Outlook: Implementation And Strategic Priorities

The Munich Security Conference 2026 concluded with a recognition that sustaining peace and security requires both renewed cooperation and strategic recalibration. Key trajectories identified during the conference include:

  • Acceleration of Defence Capability Development: European leaders and partners signalled intentions to expand defence production, coordinate capability frameworks and strengthen collective deterrence mechanisms.
  • Transatlantic Dialogue and Strategic Autonomy: Despite ongoing debates over alliance roles, participants agreed on the importance of maintaining transatlantic ties while adapting to a more multipolar security environment.
  • Long-Term Support for Ukraine: Broad consensus emphasised the need for sustained strategic support for Ukraine’s security objectives, including long-term defence guarantees, integration aspirations and capacity-building.
  • Comprehensive Security Planning: Emerging threats, such as cyber incidents and hybrid warfare, have reinforced the need to broaden traditional defence paradigms to encompass technological, informational and economic dimensions.

However, next to the discussed topics, European nations missed that these changes and goals go hand in hand with more indirect policy measures and adaptive processes. In order to build more defence capacities, the integration of the fiscal markets of the European Union is essential. The same holds for European defence policy. Especially in this realm, the sustained autonomy of member states makes it difficult to achieve the envisioned multipolarity at the global stage since fragmentation at the regional level hinders fast action (e.g., the recent Mercosur Deal).

On the other hand, however, Europe needs to change its approach to foreign politics before it moves on to further integration in this field. With its interventionist past, which still informs much of North American policymaking today, Europe will face much more headwind, just like the USA, than in the past. Therefore, multipolarity needs to be applied throughout all policy layers in order to be effective and win the trust of current and future partners.