Economy

The Industrial Revolution: History and Interpretations

The industrial revolution refers to the transformation of production, work and social organisation that began in Great Britain in the second half of the eighteenth century and spread over the following century to continental Europe, North America and beyond. Its central features were the application of mechanical power to manufacturing, the concentration of work in...

Japan and USA Announce Joint Yen Intervention

Japan and the United States of America (hereinafter: USA) have carried out a coordinated currency market intervention to support the yen, with Japanese Finance Minister Satsuki Katayama expected to formally confirm the joint action on Monday, 4 August 2026. The Japan-USA yen intervention follows a period of sustained yen depreciation that authorities in both states...

USA-Saudi Nuclear Deal Signed Amid Israel Condition

USA-Saudi Nuclear Deal Formalised After Decades Of Negotiations The United States of America (hereinafter: USA) have formally approved a 30-year civilian nuclear agreement with Saudi Arabia, placing North American firms at the centre of the kingdom’s nuclear infrastructure and extending USA’s government oversight over its development. The deal, reported to be worth tens of billions...

British Steel Nationalisation Draws China Warning

The United Kingdom (hereinafter: UK) government has nationalised British Steel, taking full public ownership of the Scunthorpe steelworks previously held by Chinese conglomerate Jingye Group. China’s Ministry of Commerce responded on 18 July 2026 by stating that Beijing would take unspecified countermeasures, framing the nationalisation as a violation of market principles and an infringement of...

China Angola Yuan: Oil, Debt and Minerals

Angola has moved on multiple fronts to deepen its financial and resource ties with China, in a set of developments that together mark a structural shift in how one of Sub-Saharan Africa’s largest oil producers manages its currency reserves, finances its energy infrastructure and allocates its mineral wealth. The China-Angola yuan relationship has advanced from...

Global Oil Demand Set to Fall for First Time Since 2020

The International Energy Agency (hereinafter: IEA) has projected that global oil demand will record its first annual decline since 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic suppressed consumption worldwide. The forecast, published in the IEA’s latest monthly oil market report and elaborated upon by IEA Director General Fatih Birol in an exclusive interview, marks a significant shift...